Define Prometheus

What is Prometheus?
Prometheus is an open-source systems monitoring and alerting tool. It is designed for reliability and to collect metrics from different services and applications, allowing developers and operations teams to monitor performance, identify issues, and ensure the stability of their systems.

Architecture of Prometheus?
Prometheus follows a pull-based approach for collecting metrics and consists of multiple components that work together to collect, store, query, and visualize metrics data. The architecture includes:

Components of Prometheus?
Prometheus Server
Client Libraries
Push Gateway
Exporters
Alertmanager
Web UI

Types of rules?
Record
Alert

Top 10 Node Exporter PromQL
CPU Usage
Memory usage
Disk usage
Network traffic
Server load

1. Open source monitoring system
2. scrapped stored data, examined by Prometheus query
3. Prometheus server, exporter, alert manager
4. 2, recording and alerting

1. Prometheus is an open-source system monitoring and alerting tool kits.

2. It consists of Prometheus Server, Metrics Collection, Data Model, Query Language (PromQL), Alerting, Storage, Visualization, Scalability and Federation.

3. The components of Prometheus are Prometheus Server, Metrics Collection, Time-Series Database, Data Model, PromQL (Prometheus Query Language), Alerting, Alert Manager, Service Discovery, Push Gateway, Visualization and Dashboards, Remote Storage and Federation

4. here are 2 main types of rules: Recording Rules and Alerting Rules.

5.
a) CPU Usage by Core:
100 – avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=”idle”}[5m])) by (cpu)

b) Memory Usage:
(1 – (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes)) * 100

c) Disk Usage:
100 * (1 – (node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint=”/”,fstype=~”ext4|xfs”} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint=”/”,fstype=~”ext4|xfs”}))

d) Load Average:
node_load1

e) Network Usage:
rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!=”lo”}[5m])

f) Disk I/O Operations:
rate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{device=~”sda|nvme0n1″}[5m])

g) Process Count:
count(node_processes)

h) Uptime:
time() – node_time_seconds

i) Filesystem Usage:
100 * (1 – (node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint=”/data”} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint=”/data”}))

j) Temperature (if available):
node_hwmon_temp_celsius{job=”node”}

What is Prometheus?
Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit originally developed by SoundCloud. It is designed to record real-time metrics in a time-series database, providing powerful query capabilities and alerting mechanisms.

Architecture of PrometheusPrometheus has a multi-component architecture that includes:

1. Prometheus Server: The core component that scrapes and stores time-series data.
2. Client Libraries: Libraries that applications use to expose metrics for Prometheus to scrape.
3. Pushgateway: An intermediary for service-level metrics that are pushed from short-lived jobs.
4. Exporters: Components that expose metrics from third-party systems as Prometheus metrics.
5. Alertmanager: A component that handles alerts generated by the Prometheus server, sending notifications based on defined rules.
6. Service Discovery: Mechanisms to automatically discover services that need to be monitored.

Components of Prometheus

1. Prometheus Server:

• Scraping: Collects metrics from instrumented jobs, either directly from the client libraries or via exporters.
• Storage: Stores all scraped samples locally and supports custom remote storage solutions.
• Querying: Provides a flexible query language (PromQL) to extract and visualize metrics.

1. Client Libraries:

• Libraries for various languages (Go, Java, Python, etc.) that applications use to expose internal metrics to Prometheus.

1. Pushgateway:

• Used for short-lived jobs to push their metrics to Prometheus.

1. Exporters:

• Tools to export metrics from third-party systems like databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL), hardware (Node Exporter for machine metrics), and more.

1. Alertmanager:

• Handles alerts sent by Prometheus server and supports routing, grouping, and silencing of alerts.

1. Service Discovery:

• Allows Prometheus to automatically find targets to scrape from environments like Kubernetes, AWS, GCP, etc.

Types of RulesRecording Rules:
Used to precompute frequently needed or computationally expensive expressions and save their results as new time series.

Alerting Rules:
Define conditions under which an alert should be triggered and sent to the Alertmanager.

Top 10 Node Exporter PromQL Queries

1. CPU Usage:

promql
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100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)

1. Memory Usage:

promql
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(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100

1. Disk Usage:

promql
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node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype!="tmpfs",fstype!="overlay"} - node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype!="tmpfs",fstype!="overlay"}

1. Network Traffic:

promql
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rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[5m]) + rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total[5m])

1. Load Average:

promql
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node_load1

1. Disk I/O Utilization:

promql
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rate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total[1m])

1. Number of Processes:

promql
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node_procs_running

1. File System Usage:

promql
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(node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype!="tmpfs",fstype!="overlay"} - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{fstype!="tmpfs",fstype!="overlay"}) / node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype!="tmpfs",fstype!="overlay"} * 100

1. CPU Temperature:

promql
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node_hwmon_temp_celsius

1. Swap Usage:

promql
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(node_memory_SwapTotal_bytes - node_memory_SwapFree_bytes) / node_memory_SwapTotal_bytes * 100

What is Prometheus?
# Prometheus is an open-source systems monitoring and alerting.

Architecture of Prometheus?
#Prometheus scrapes metrics from instrumented jobs, either directly or via an intermediary push gateway for short-lived jobs. It stores all scraped samples locally and runs rules over this data to either aggregate and record new time series from existing data or generate alerts. Grafana or other API consumers can be used to visualize the collected data.

Components of Prometheus?
#
-Prometheus server
-Targets and service discovery
-Metrics and Time series data
-Alert manager
-Client libraries and Exporters.

Types of rules ?Prometheus
#
counters
gauges
histograms
summaries

Top 10 Node Exporter PromQL Prometheus
#
node_cpu_seconds_total
node_memory_MemFree_bytes + node_memory_Cached_bytes
up{job=“prometheus”} or up{job=“node”}
histogram_quantile(0.9, rate(demo_api_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))
deriv(demo_disk_usage_bytes[1h])
sum(node_filesystem_size_bytes)
rate(demo_api_request_duration_seconds_count[5m])
avg_over_time(go_goroutines[5m])
time()
absent(up{job=“some-job”})
rate(demo_api_request_duration_seconds_count[5m])[1h:]