Before moving further, hope you have already installed xampp and composer in your machine.
if not follow the below blog to do so.

Install a Laravel project inside htdocs folder in ubuntu

First permission:

As you know the first thing our browser needs to run a Laravel project is, the index file which is located in the public folder
so we need to make it read and writable so that our browser can access it and if required can modify it.

Run the below command to grant access to the public folder

cd /opt/lampp/htdocs/YOUR_PROJECT
sudo chmod -R +rw public

Second permission:

The next permission if for the storage folder, as you already know when our Laravel projects runs it create some logs files automatically if any error found in you code base,

Run the below command to grant access to the logs folder

cd /opt/lampp/htdocs/YOUR_PROJECT
sudo chmod -R +rw storage

Third permission:

At the end, the final permission we have to give to our session folder which is located inside our storage/framework folder,
and every time we hit our project URL a new random session key is generated, that get stored in our session folder
so all of them are necessary to run a Laravel project

Run the below command to grand access to the framework and session

sudo chmod -R 775 framework
sudo chmod -R 775 session

That’s it, these all works for me hope it for you too